Part I: the local contexts

To support local engagement and make the CIRCE Handbook even more accessible, the section “The Local Contexts” of the Handbook is available here in translation for each country involved in the project.

Each national context is presented in its respective language (Italian for Italy, Bosnian for Bosnia and Herzegovina, German for Germany, Portuguese for Portugal), so that readers can explore the description of their own educational and sociolinguistic environment in a way that feels direct and immediately relevant.

These translations are intended to facilitate reflection, discussion, and use in local schools and teacher training contexts. They allow educators and stakeholders to connect the project’s broader framework to their specific realities.

Descriptions of the other national contexts are available in English in the full version of the CIRCE Handbook, which can be accessed here.

We encourage readers to explore both their local context in translation and the broader comparative perspective offered in the complete English edition.